ISPM 28 - Annex 11

This phytosanitary treatment was adopted by the Fifth Session of the Commission on Phytosanitary Measures in 2010.
                                       The annex is a prescriptive part of ISPM 28:2007.


                                    

                          INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES


                                                                        ISPM 28
                                                                       Annex 11

                                    ISPM 28 PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS
 

                                                                   PT 11: 

                                Irradiation treatment for Grapholita molesta under hypoxia
 

                                                                  (2010)


Scope of the treatment
This treatment applies to the irradiation of fruits and vegetables at 232 Gy minimum absorbed dose under hypoxic conditions to prevent oviposition of Grapholita molesta at the stated efficacy. This treatment should be applied in accordance with the requirements outlined in ISPM 18:20031
Treatment description .
Name of treatment: Irradiation treatment for Grapholita molesta under hypoxia
Active ingredient: N/A
Treatment type: Irradiation
Target pest: Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Target regulated articles: All fruits and vegetables that are hosts of Grapholita molesta.
Treatment schedule
Minimum absorbed dose of 232 Gy to prevent oviposition of Grapholita molesta.
Efficacy and confidence level of the treatment is ED99.9932 at the 95% confidence level.
Treatment should be applied in accordance with the requirements of ISPM 18:2003.
1 The scope of phytosanitary treatments does not include issues related to pesticide registration or other domestic requirements for approval of treatments. Treatments also do not provide information on specific effects on human health or food safety, which should be addressed using domestic procedures prior to approval of a treatment. In addition, potential effects of treatments on product quality are considered for some host commodities before their international adoption. However, evaluation of any effects of a treatment on the quality of commodities may require additional consideration. There is no obligation for a contracting party to approve, register or adopt the treatments for use in its territory.

Other relevant information
Since irradiation may not result in outright mortality, inspectors may encounter live, but non-viable
Grapholita molesta (larvae, pupae and/or adults) during the inspection process. This does not imply a
failure of the treatment.
Although the treatment may result in the presence of irradiated adults, the following factors may affect
the likelihood of adults being found in traps in importing countries:
- Only a very small percentage of adults are likely to emerge after irradiation.
- Irradiated adults are very unlikely to survive for more than one week, post-irradiation, and they
are therefore less likely to spread than non-irradiated adults.
The Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatments based its evaluation of this treatment on the research
work undertaken by Hallman (2004) that determined the efficacy of irradiation as a treatment for this
pest in Malus domestica.
Extrapolation of treatment efficacy to all fruits and vegetables was based on knowledge and
experience that radiation dosimetry systems measure the actual radiation dose absorbed by the target
pest independent of host commodity, and evidence from research studies on a variety of pests and
commodities. These include studies on the following pests and hosts: Anastrepha ludens (Citrus
paradisi and Mangifera indica), A. suspensa (Averrhoa carambola, Citrus paradisi and Mangifera
indica), Bactrocera tryoni (Citrus sinensis, Lycopersicon lycopersicum, Malus domestica, Mangifera
indica, Persea americana and Prunus avium), Cydia pomonella (Malus domestica and artificial diet)
and Grapholita molesta (Malus domestica and artificial diet) (Bustos et al., 2004; Gould & von
Windeguth, 1991; Hallman, 2004, Hallman & Martinez, 2001; Jessup et al., 1992; Mansour, 2003;
von Windeguth, 1986; von Windeguth & Ismail, 1987). It is recognized, however, that treatment
efficacy has not been tested for all potential fruit and vegetable hosts of the target pest. If evidence
becomes available to show that the extrapolation of the treatment to cover all hosts of this pest is
incorrect, then the treatment will be reviewed.
References
Bustos, M.E., Enkerlin, W., Reyes, J. & Toledo, J. 2004. Irradiation of mangoes as a postharvest
quarantine treatment for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 97:
286−292.
Gould, W.P. & von Windeguth, D.L. 1991. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for
carambolas infested with Caribbean fruit flies. Florida Entomologist, 74: 297−300.
Hallman, G.J. 2004. Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatment against Oriental fruit moth
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in ambient and hypoxic atmospheres. Journal of Economic
Entomology, 97: 824−827.
Hallman, G.J. & Martinez, L.R. 2001. Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatments against Mexican
fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in citrus fruits. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 23: 71−77.
Jessup, A.J., Rigney, C.J., Millar, A., Sloggett, R.F. & Quinn, N.M. 1992. Gamma irradiation as a
commodity treatment against the Queensland fruit fly in fresh fruit. Proceedings of the
Research Coordination Meeting on Use of Irradiation as a Quarantine Treatment of Food and
Agricultural Commodities, 1990: 13−42.
Mansour, M. 2003. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for apples infested by codling moth
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 127: 137−141.
von Windeguth, D.L. 1986. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for Caribbean fruit fly
infested mangoes. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 99: 131−134.
von Windeguth, D.L. & Ismail, M.A. 1987. Gamma irradiation as a quarantine treatment for Florida
grapefruit infested with Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew). Proceedings of the
Florida State Horticultural Society, 100: 5−7.



Publication history
This is not an official part of the standard
2006-04 CPM-1 added topic Irradiation treatment for Grapholita melosa under hypoxia
2006-12 TPPT developed draft text and recommended to the SC (2006-127B)
2007-07 SC revised draft text and approved for member consultation via email
2007-10 Member consultation under fast-track process
2008-07 TPPT reviewed and revised draft text via email
2008-12 SC revised draft text via e-decision
2009-03 Secretariat received formal objections prior to CPM-4
2009-05 SC requested the TPPT to review
2009-11 TPPT revised draft text via email
2009-11 SC revised draft text for adoption
2010-03 CPM-5 adopted Annex 11 to ISPM 28:2007
ISPM 28. 2007: Annex 11 Irradiation treatment for Grapholita molesta under hypoxia (2010). Rome, IPPC, FAO.
Publication history: Last modified August 2011



PT 11-3